Higher inflation and central banks' 'Higher for Longer' interest rate policy generally make fixed-income investments like preferred stocks less attractive due to increased opportunity cost and potential for higher borrowing costs for the company.

Strait of Hormuz closure and sustained oil price volatility could significantly impact Costamare Inc.'s operating expenses, as fuel costs are a major component of marine shipping operations, potentially affecting profitability and dividend sustainability.

Global economic conditions influencing shipping demand: Escalating geopolitical tensions and inflation could reduce global trade volumes, thereby impacting demand and charter rates for Costamare's containerships and dry bulk vessels.