Inflationary Pressures and 'Higher for Longer' Interest Rates: The 3.3% US inflation and central banks' 'higher for longer' rates policy could increase Biofrontera's operational and borrowing costs, potentially dampening investor sentiment for growth-oriented biotechnology companies.

Healthcare Spending and Consumer Discretionary Income: While Biofrontera's product treats pre-cancerous lesions, broader economic uncertainty and inflation may impact healthcare budgets, insurance reimbursement policies, and patient out-of-pocket expenses, affecting treatment uptake.

Oil Price Volatility (Indirect Impact on Supply Chain/Operating Costs): Sustained oil price volatility due to events like the Strait of Hormuz closure could indirectly affect Biofrontera through increased transportation costs for raw materials and finished products, as well as energy costs for manufacturing and operations.