Interest Rates and Monetary Policy: Changes in interest rates directly impact Banner Corporation's net interest margin, a key determinant of its profitability as a regional bank.

Economic Growth and Employment in the Pacific Northwest: The health of the regional economy, including job creation and overall economic growth, influences loan demand, credit quality, and deposit flows for Banner Bank.

Geopolitical Risks and Global Growth Outlook: Broader economic uncertainties stemming from global conflicts and downgraded growth forecasts can dampen business and consumer confidence, potentially affecting loan growth and increasing credit risks for the banking sector.