Regulatory environment and certification progress for eVTOL aircraft, as the industry is highly dependent on governmental approvals for commercial operations, impacting timelines and costs.

Investor sentiment and access to capital for pre-revenue technology companies, given Archer's significant operating losses and high cash burn rate amid waning investor enthusiasm for speculative ventures.

Competition and legal disputes within the nascent eVTOL market, which can divert critical resources and management focus while other companies also advance towards commercialization.